Solutions - Mock Paper 3 SST Class 10

SECTION A : HISTORY

1. (c) Duke Metternich The Congress of Vienna (1815) was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich to restore the monarchies overthrown by Napoleon.

2. (a) Mahatma Gandhi 'Hind Swaraj' was written by Mahatma Gandhi in 1909, outlining his views on Swaraj and modern civilization.

3. (a) II, I, III, IV Correct Order: Printing of Tamil book (1579) -> Malayalam book (1713) -> Bengal Gazette (1816/1780) -> Sambad Kaumudi (1821).

4. (b) The first book printed was the Bible. Johann Gutenberg printed 180 copies of the Bible using his new movable type printing press.

5. (a) Women (as observers) In the Frankfurt Parliament (1848), women were denied suffrage and were admitted only as observers in the visitors' gallery.

6. Economic Hardship in 1830s Europe: 1. Population Explosion: Enormous increase in population across Europe led to more job seekers than employment.
2. Migration and Slums: Population from rural areas migrated to cities to live in overcrowded slums.
3. Price Rise: Bad harvests led to a rise in food prices, causing widespread pauperism.

7. Print Culture and French Revolution: 1. Enlightenment Ideas: Print popularised the ideas of thinkers like Voltaire and Rousseau who criticised tradition, superstition, and despotism.
2. Culture of Dialogue: It created a new culture of dialogue and debate where all values and institutions were re-evaluated.
3. Criticism of Royalty: Literature mocked the royalty and criticised their morality, raising questions about the existing social order.

Non-Cooperation in Countryside: 1. Awadh Peasants: Led by Baba Ramchandra against landlords demanding high rents and begar. They demanded reduction of revenue.
2. Tribal Peasants: In Gudem Hills (Andhra Pradesh), Alluri Sitaram Raju led a guerrilla movement against forest laws that restricted their rights.

8. Civil Disobedience vs Non-Cooperation: 1. Objective: Non-Cooperation aimed to bring the government to a halt by not cooperating. Civil Disobedience aimed to paralyse the government by breaking specific laws.
2. Participation: Civil Disobedience saw large-scale participation of women and business groups, unlike Non-Cooperation.
3. Methods: Breaking salt law, forest laws, and refusal to pay taxes were unique to Civil Disobedience.

Salt March: Started by Gandhi with 78 volunteers from Sabarmati to Dandi (240 miles). On 6 April, he violated the salt law by boiling sea water. Salt was chosen because it was consumed by rich and poor alike, and the tax on it represented the most oppressive face of British rule.

9. Case Based (Print): 9.1. China, Japan, Korea.
9.2. A traditional Chinese book folded and stitched at the side because the thin, porous paper could not be printed on both sides.
9.3. Print developed to meet the needs of the huge bureaucratic system which recruited personnel through civil service examinations. Textbooks were printed in vast numbers.

10. Map Work: A. Calcutta (September 1920)
B. Kheda (Gujarat)

SECTION B : GEOGRAPHY

11. (c) Groundwater Groundwater is renewable as it is replenished by nature through the hydrological cycle.

12. (b) West Bengal Buxa Tiger Reserve is located in northern West Bengal.

13. (a) Jute Jute is known as the golden fibre due to its shiny golden colour and value.

14. (b) Cement Industry Limestone is the basic raw material for the cement industry.

15. (c) Pipelines Pipelines rule out trans-shipment losses and delays in transporting liquids and gases.

16. Renewable vs Non-Renewable: Renewable: Can be replenished by physical, chemical or mechanical processes (e.g., Solar energy, Forests).
Non-Renewable: Occur over very long geological time and take millions of years to form (e.g., Coal, Petroleum).

17. Conservation of Minerals: Importance: Minerals are finite and non-renewable. Continued extraction increases costs and decreases quality.
Methods: (1) Recycling of metals. (2) Using scrap metals and substitutes. (3) Planned and sustainable extraction.

18. Transport as Prerequisite: 1. Movement: Facilitates movement of goods/services to demand locales.
2. Market Expansion: Expands market for agricultural and industrial goods.
3. Integration: Integrates the national economy with the global economy.

Classification of Industries: 1. Agro-based: Use agricultural raw materials (e.g., Cotton, Jute, Sugar).
2. Mineral-based: Use minerals/metals as raw materials (e.g., Iron & Steel, Cement, Aluminium).

19. Case Based (Forests): 19.1. To preserve ecological diversity and life support systems (water, air, soil).
19.2. Agriculture depends on traditional crop varieties and ecological balance maintained by forests.
19.3. (1) Wildlife Protection Act 1972. (2) Establishment of National Parks/Sanctuaries.

20. Map Work: (i) Salal Dam: Chenab River (J&K).
(ii) Mumbai Software Park: Maharashtra.
(iii) Raja Sansi Airport: Amritsar (Punjab).
(iv) Narora Nuclear Plant: Uttar Pradesh.

SECTION C : POLITICAL SCIENCE

21. (c) Defence Defence is a subject of national importance and is in the Union List.

22. (a) (i)-b, (ii)-a, (iii)-d, (iv)-c BJP: Cultural Nationalism; INC: Secularism; BSP: Interests of Dalits; CPI-M: Revolutionary democracy/Socialism.

23. (b) Unilateral power to change the constitution In a federation, fundamental provisions cannot be changed unilaterally by one level of government.

24. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Democracy is better because it respects individual dignity and freedom, making it a legitimate government.

25. (c) Double Citizenship India has single citizenship for the whole country, unlike some federations like the USA.

26. Power Sharing (Moral Reason): Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

27. Democracy and Economic Inequalities: Democracies ensure political equality but have not successfully reduced economic inequalities. A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a disproportionate share of wealth, while the poor struggle for basic needs. The gap between rich and poor often widens.

28. Legislative Powers (Three-fold Distribution): 1. Union List: Subjects of national importance (Defence, Banking). Union Govt makes laws.
2. State List: Subjects of state importance (Police, Agriculture). State Govt makes laws.
3. Concurrent List: Common interest (Education, Forest). Both can make laws.
4. Residuary Subjects: New subjects (IT). Union Govt makes laws.

Local Self-Government (1992): The 73rd Amendment gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions. It mandated regular elections, reservation for SCs/STs/OBCs and women (1/3rd seats), and created State Election Commissions.

SECTION D : ECONOMICS

29. (c) Reserve Bank of India RBI supervises banks and cooperatives (formal sector loans).

30. (c) Fishing Fishing is a primary activity as it involves exploiting natural resources.

31. (d) All of the above Technology, Transport, and ICT have all facilitated Globalisation.

32. (d) Voter ID Card Interest rate, collateral, documentation, and mode of repayment are the terms of credit.

33. (b) Sri Lanka Sri Lanka consistently ranks higher than India in HDI indicators like life expectancy and literacy.

34. Functions of Money: 1. Medium of Exchange: Facilitates transactions without double coincidence of wants.
2. Measure of Value: Acts as a common unit of value.
3. Store of Value: Wealth can be stored as money.

35. Impact of Globalisation: The impact has been uneven. Beneficiaries: Well-off consumers (more choice), skilled professionals, and large Indian companies. Losers: Small producers unable to compete with cheap imports, and workers facing job insecurity due to flexible labour laws.

36. Role of Tertiary Sector: I do not agree. The tertiary sector plays a significant role. It is the largest producing sector in India. It provides basic services (hospitals, schools) and aids the development of primary and secondary sectors (transport, banking). New services like IT are growing rapidly.

Unorganised Sector: Role: Employs a huge number of people (landless labourers, vendors).
Protection: Government can support them by procuring raw materials, marketing output, ensuring minimum wages, and providing social security schemes.

37. Case Based (SEZs): 37.1. To attract foreign investment (FDI).
37.2. World-class facilities like electricity, water, roads, and tax exemptions for 5 years.
37.3. It allows companies to hire workers for short periods during intense work pressure, reducing their labour costs.